Aerial roots — those roots that grow above ground from a tree's trunk or branches — are a natural feature of certain tree species, but they can become a nuisance in home gardens. The best way to remove them depends on the tree species, the size and number of roots, and whether removal could affect the tree's health or stability. In many cases, a clean cut close to the trunk or branch is all that's needed, but for large or structurally important roots, it's worth getting a professional arborist involved.
What Are Aerial Roots and Why Do Trees Grow Them?
Aerial roots grow from a tree's trunk, branches, or stem above the soil line. They're common on species like Moreton Bay figs (Ficus macrophylla), pohutukawa, some palms, and various ornamental figs. Depending on the species, aerial roots may:
- Absorb moisture and nutrients from the air or rain
- Provide structural support (as with banyan-type figs)
- Simply be a natural growth habit with no critical function
Understanding why your tree produces aerial roots will help you decide how aggressively you can remove them without harming the tree.
Can You Safely Remove Aerial Roots Yourself?
For most ornamental trees and shrubs, removing small to medium aerial roots is a straightforward DIY job. However, there are important caveats:
- Figs and banyan-type trees: Aerial roots on these species can eventually become structural support roots. Removing too many at once can stress or destabilise the tree.
- Large or mature trees: If the roots are thick (say, over 50 mm in diameter) or numerous, consult a qualified arborist before cutting.
- Trees near structures or boundaries: Roots growing toward foundations, drains, or neighbouring properties may need professional assessment. Check MBIE Building Performance guidance if you're concerned about tree roots and building consent implications.
Tools You'll Need
| Tool | Best for |
|---|---|
| Sharp hand pruners (secateurs) | Roots up to ~15 mm diameter |
| Loppers | Roots 15–40 mm diameter |
| Pruning saw or reciprocating saw | Roots over 40 mm diameter |
| Wound sealant (optional) | Large cuts on susceptible species |
| Gloves and safety glasses | All jobs |
Always use sharp, clean tools to make smooth cuts that heal faster and reduce disease entry points. Wipe blades with a disinfectant solution (methylated spirits works well) between trees to avoid spreading pathogens.
Step-by-Step: How to Remove Aerial Roots
1. Identify the Species and Root Function
Before you cut anything, confirm what tree you're dealing with. If you're unsure, a local arborist or your regional council's tree officer can help identify the species and advise on any protected tree status. Some trees in NZ are protected under district plans, and removing roots (or any part of the tree) without consent could result in a fine.
2. Plan Your Cuts
Remove no more than one-third of the aerial roots at any one time to avoid stressing the tree. If there are many roots, spread removal over two or three growing seasons.
3. Cut Close to the Origin Point
Using the appropriate tool for the root's diameter, make a clean, angled cut as close to the trunk or branch as practical — ideally leaving no stub. A stub left behind can die back, rot, and invite disease.
4. Dispose of Cuttings Responsibly
Bag or compost cuttings. Be aware that some fig species (including certain ornamental figs) are considered environmental weeds in warmer parts of NZ. Check with your regional council if you're unsure about disposal.
5. Monitor the Tree
Check the tree over the following weeks. If you notice wilting, unusual leaf drop, or signs of disease at the cut sites, stop further removal and seek professional advice.
Preventing Aerial Roots from Returning
Unfortunately, if a tree is genetically inclined to produce aerial roots, they will likely regrow. Regular light pruning — removing new aerial roots while they're still small and easy to cut — is the most practical long-term management strategy. Some gardeners find that improving soil moisture and nutrition reduces the tree's drive to seek resources through aerial roots, though this varies by species.
Working Safely at Height
If aerial roots are growing from high branches and you need a ladder or to climb to reach them, take care. Falls from ladders are one of the most common causes of serious injury in home gardens. WorkSafe NZ recommends always having a second person present when working at height, using a stable ladder on firm ground, and never overreaching. If the work requires climbing the tree itself, leave it to a trained arborist with the right equipment.
When to Call a Professional
Call a qualified arborist if:
- The tree is large, mature, or has a protected tree notice under your district plan
- Aerial roots are thick (over 50 mm) or appear to be providing structural support
- The tree is close to power lines, structures, or the boundary — work near power lines must be carried out in accordance with WorkSafe NZ electrical safety guidelines and may require your lines company's involvement
- You're unsure of the species or the impact removal may have
- The job requires climbing or working at significant height
A certified arborist holds an NZ Certificate in Arboriculture or equivalent and can assess tree health, structural risk, and the safest removal method. You can find qualified local arborists on tradedirectory.co.nz.
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