What Is a Weld Procedure Qualification and Do You Need One in NZ?

A weld procedure qualification is a formal, documented process that proves a specific welding method will consistently produce a weld strong and safe enough for its intended purpose. For most everyday home DIY jobs — like welding a garden gate hinge or a trailer bracket — you won't need one. But for structural, pressure, or code-governed work, it can be a legal requirement.

What Exactly Is a Weld Procedure Qualification?

At its core, a weld procedure qualification involves two key documents:

• Welding Procedure Specification (WPS): A written document that spells out exactly how a weld must be performed — the base metal, filler material, joint design, preheat temperature, welding process, and more.
• Procedure Qualification Record (PQR): The test record that proves the WPS actually works. A test weld is made following the WPS, then destructively or non-destructively tested to confirm it meets the required standard.

Together, these documents give engineers, inspectors, and clients confidence that the welding on a project is repeatable and fit for purpose.

Which Standards Apply in New Zealand?

NZ welding work is governed by several standards depending on the application:

For building and construction work, the NZ Building Code sets the overarching performance requirements, and welding on structural elements must comply with the relevant structural standard. Always check with your engineer or council which standard applies to your specific project.

When Is a Weld Procedure Qualification Required?

Not every welding job needs a formal WPS and PQR. Here's a general guide:

You likely DO need one if:

• The welding is on a structural steel building element (beams, columns, connections) governed by NZS 3404 or AS/NZS 1554
• Work involves pressure vessels or pressure piping (boilers, gas lines, industrial plant)
• A building consent has been issued and the engineer of record specifies it
• You are a fabrication business tendering for commercial or industrial contracts
• The client's specification or a third-party inspector requires it

You likely DON'T need one for:

• General farm repairs, garden furniture, or decorative metalwork
• Non-structural trailer repairs (though check your trailer's certification requirements)
• Hobby welding projects with no structural or safety implications

If you're unsure, the safest approach is to ask a structural engineer or check with your local council before starting work.

Who Qualifies Welding Procedures?

A WPS is typically prepared by a welding engineer or welding inspector, and the test welds are carried out by a qualified welder. Testing is then conducted by an accredited testing laboratory. In New Zealand, BRANZ provides research and guidance on construction standards, and Standards NZ is where you can purchase the relevant welding standards.

It's worth noting that welder qualification (sometimes called welder certification) is a separate — but related — requirement. A qualified welding procedure tells you how to weld; a qualified welder proves they can execute it correctly. Many structural contracts require both.

Welding and Building Consent in NZ

Under the NZ Building Code, structural welding on buildings generally requires a building consent, unless the work falls under a Schedule 1 exemption. Even for exempt work, the welding must still meet the relevant standard. Always confirm with your local council whether consent is needed — rules can vary by territorial authority and project scope. You can find guidance on the MBIE Building Performance website.

For Licensed Building Practitioners (LBPs), restricted building work involving structural elements must be carried out or supervised by an LBP. Check the LBP register to verify a tradesperson's licence.

Safety Considerations

Welding carries real risks — UV radiation, fumes, fire, and electric shock. WorkSafe NZ sets out health and safety obligations for welding in workplaces. Even for home projects, always:

• Use appropriate PPE (welding helmet, gloves, protective clothing)
• Ensure adequate ventilation to avoid fume inhalation
• Keep a fire extinguisher nearby
• Never weld near flammable materials or gas lines

When to Call a Professional

If your project involves structural steel, pressure equipment, or any welding that will be inspected or certified, you should engage a qualified welding professional. A professional fabricator or structural steel contractor will already have qualified welding procedures in place and the documentation to back them up. This protects you legally and ensures the work is safe and compliant.

You can find qualified local welders and fabricators on tradedirectory.co.nz to get the right person for your job.

Sources & Further Reading

• MBIE Building Performance – NZ Building Code
• Standards NZ – Welding and Structural Standards
• BRANZ – Building Research
• WorkSafe NZ – Welding Safety
• Licensed Building Practitioners Register